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Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Gerba LETA, Steffen SCHULZ, Girum GETACHEW ALEMU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 427-439 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020331

摘要：

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM ), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia Farmer Field School Farmer Research and Extension Group governance institutionalization ISFM⁺ ambassador participation

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Innovative agricultural extension value chain-based models for smallholder African farmers

Bidjokazo FOFANA, Leonides HALOS-KIM, Mercy AKEREDOLU, Ande OKIROR, Kebba SIMA, Deola NAIBAKELAO, Mel OLUOCH, Fumiko ISEKI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 418-426 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020358

摘要： The value chain extension strategy of Sasakawa Africa Association focuses on improving the capacity of national agricultural extension systems and follows various thematic areas along the value chain to address key challenges accountable for low income households and poverty in Africa. Farmer learning platform is a model designed to increase crop productivity and encompasses demonstration plots where technological packages demonstrated significantly outperformed other technology plots in crop productivity and average profit margins. Enterprise-oriented production, postharvest and trading centers are value adding models designed to improve the effectiveness of extension and adoption of postharvest and agricultural processing technologies by producers. The use of the above along with necessary capacity building has facilitated the development of profitable business linkages of smallholder farmers with financial institutions and reliable market opportunities. The community association trader-trainer model is a market-oriented business approach applied in combination with other extension models. In 2018, 297 community-based commodity association trader-trainers were mobilized and capacitated to improve farmer group dynamics and developed collective input and output access and cluster aggregation centers at community level where various agricultural produces were mobilized and collectively aggregated, and valued at about 3.9 million USD. The supervised enterprise project model is an innovative agricultural extension model developed along with above models for capacity development of extension agents and transfer of technologies to smallholder farmers. Over 6000 supervised enterprise projects have been introduced into 27 universities in 12 African countries for training front-line extension officers and extension delivery to farming communities.

关键词： crop productivity extension farmer grain yield income model

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挖掘变化知识的可拓数据挖掘研究

陈文伟

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 70-73

摘要：

规范了可拓信息与可拓知识基本概念，即在信息和知识的概念上扩充了变化的信息和变化的知识。明确了可拓数据挖掘概念以及可拓推理新概念。证明了可拓数据挖掘两个定理和可拓推理公式。提出的从挖掘静态知识的数据挖掘扩展到挖掘变化知识的可拓数据挖掘，为数据挖掘开辟了新的研究方向，并通过实例进行了说明。

关键词：可拓信息可拓知识可拓数据挖掘可拓推理

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SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 248-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023499

摘要：

● Establishment of a rapid tool for monitoring soil carbon sequestration in farmer fields.

关键词： 4 per 1000 initiative carbon sequestration climate action farmer fields SDG13 soil organic carbon soil testing

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ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY, VALUE EVOLUTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 135-148 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022464

摘要：

● The choice of a modern agriculture project was found to be rational for professional farmers to reduce interference from non-market factors. The success of this project is due to its capacity to successfully fill the structural hole in the market transaction network.

关键词： Benefit-linked mechanism featured agriculture organizational integration professional farmers rural cooperative structural hole theory

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maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a new Sino-German international researchtraining group”

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 443-444 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019288

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可拓策划研究

杨春燕,张拥军

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 73-78

摘要：

可拓策划是从处理矛盾问题的角度，应用可拓学的方法而进行的策划。文章简介了可拓策划的基本思想、理论和方法，试图用形式化的方法告诉人们，在遇到矛盾问题时，如何生成策划创意，如何进行全面的资源分析、寻找可拓资源，以化不相容为相容，化对立为共存。在可拓策划的实务操作部分，介绍了资源整合的可拓策划、项目的可拓策划、市场开拓的可拓策划及危机防范与处理的可拓策划。

关键词：可拓策划矛盾问题可拓方法创意生成可拓资源

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基于滑模控制的可拓控制器设计

陈珍源,翁庆昌

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 48-51

摘要：

根据滑模控制概念，提出一种新的可拓控制器。在控制策略设计上分为两个部分，第一个部分是根据系统已知部分设计滑模控制的等效控制，另一部分为鲁棒控制以解决系统的不确定性因素及外部干扰问题。首先，构造一基本可拓控制器，用所定可拓集的关联函数作为系统状态信息的评价指针，并在其中植入一组待调增益参数，经参数修正来综合滑模可拓控制的鲁棒控制（滑模的撞击控制），以保证系统的稳定性。最后以一个非线性控制系统的仿真为例来说明所设计的可拓控制器的控制性能。

关键词：可拓集合可拓控制滑模控制系统稳定性

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制造强国的主要指标

“制造强国的主要指标研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 7-19

摘要：

“制造强国的主要指标研究”是中国工程院“制造强国战略研究”重大咨询项目中的一个课题，于2013年1月启动，一年多来，课题组围绕指标体系构建、制造强国指数评价、战略路径等方面多次召开课题组会和专家研讨会。课题组在充分研究国内外指标体系、工业发达国家强国之路的基础上，详细分析了我国制造业现状，提出了制造强国的内涵和特征，构建了制造强国评价指标体系，并对国际上公认已是制造强国的典型国家进行了研究、也对我国制造强国的进程进行了预测。同时结合指标体系的构建和评价结果，提出推进制造强国的战略路径。

关键词：制造强国评价体系战略路径

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AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERHAI LAKE BASIN—THE WAY FORWARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 510-517 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023524

摘要：

Pollution of high-altitude lake basins by agriculture and rural activities, and the control of this pollution, have received increasing attention from academic research and government policy in China. Series of restrictions and regulations have been implemented to protect the surface water quality. These restrictions and regulations have greatly impacted and transformed the agricultural systems and rural livelihoods surrounding these lake basins. Using Erhai Lake basin in Yunnan Province as a case study, three main challenges were identified for concurrently decreasing pollution in the lake and increasing farmer income. It is contended that scientifically-sound environmental protection policies and agricultural green development practices are key to reversing the current situation. This will help to protect the lake from pollution while smallholder farmers will be able to produce healthy food in an environmentally sustainable manner, and with a fair remuneration for all the services farmers provide to the society.

关键词： agriculture farmer income nitrogen phosphorus water pollution

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可拓工程研究

杨春燕,蔡文

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 90-96

摘要：

介绍可拓工程研究的基本思想、工具和方法及其在检测、控制、管理、信息和计算机等领域的应用研究概况。

关键词：矛盾问题可拓集合可拓性可拓工程

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Correlation between tension softening relation and crack extension resistance in concrete

Xiufang ZHANG , Shilang XU ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 323-329 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0041-2

摘要： Changes of the material fracture energy consumption with crack propagation can be described by a crack extension resistance curve, one of the fundamental fracture criteria in crack mechanics. Recently, experimental observation of the fracture behavior in concrete was used to develop a new fracture criterion, the crack extension resistance curve, to analyze crack propagation during the entire concrete fracture process. The variation of the crack extension resistance is mainly associated with the energy consumption in the fracture process zone ahead of the stress-free crack tip. The crack extension resistance is then a function of the softening curve, which is a basic mechanical property in the fracture process zone. The relationship between the softening curve and the crack extension resistance curve is then analyzed based on results of three-point bending beams tests. The results indicate that the characteristic points of the crack extension resistance curve is closely related to the characteristic point on used tension softening curve.

关键词： concrete fracture process zone crack extension G_R resistance tension softening curve

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基于可拓学的设计方案进化推理方法

赵燕伟,,刘海生,张国贤

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第5期页码 63-69

摘要：

在分析现有概念设计求解策略的基础上，提出了基于可拓学理论与遗传算法相结合的概念设计求解模型。利用遗传算法模拟物元变换过程，建立了产品方案物元描述的内部模型和外部模型，探讨了内、外模型的转换关系并通过关联函数将内、外部模型联系起来。根据内部模型给出了遗传算法的编码形式以及与之相适应的交叉、变异策略，并通过可拓评价方法建立了遗传算法的适应值函数，基本解决了产品概念设计中的知识组合爆炸和矛盾冲突问题。最后通过求解减速器方案验证了该方法的可行性。

关键词：概念设计物元变换遗传算法进化推理可拓评价